Pulmonaria Group
The group is an ad hoc working group. It is not sponsored by any for-profit or non-profit organization, nor do the members have any ties with companies or official bodies that would prevent them from airing anything but their own views, based on their own scientific work and evidence from the literature.
The group has compiled a non-exhaustive overview of the recent scientific literature on the lower limit of normal (LLN) of FEV1%(F)VC. Care was taken to include data from different ethnic groups, and to include prediction equations for young adults as well as the elderly. This information has been entered into a program that allows any user to compute the LLN of FEV1%(F)VC and inspect the results in graphical form. In order to facilitate an independent check of the data we have added a list of references, and the equations used in the software.
We have taken every precaution to prevent errors from creeping into the texts and the software. However if errors are identified we request that they be brought to our attention, so that they can be remedied. The text and the software are provided for free on an ‘as is’ basis.
Maureen P. Swanney, CRFS, PhD |
![]() Dr Martin R Miller |
![]() Gregg L. Ruppel, MEd, RRT, RPFT |
Robert L. Jensen, PhD |
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Philip H Quanjer, MD, PhD
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Paul L Enright, MD |
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Emanuela Falaschetti, BSc (Hons) John L. Hankinson Jan P. Schouten |
Ole F. Pedersen, Associate Professor, MD., DMSc.
Robert O. Crapo, MD, PhD |
Christine Jenkins
Professor Janet Stocks |



